Leading for Changes and Team Performance

Question: Examine about the Leading for Changes and Team Performance. Answer: Presentation Initiative is the quality in pioneers that furnishes them with the capacity to rouse, move and support others in accomplishing something they need to be finished. A pioneer is viewed as somebody who can impact a wide scope of people for accomplishing a shared objective or achieving an ideal heading. Pioneers must be able to do all these with the assistance of activity, model and authority. Bass Handbook of Leadership expresses that there are indistinguishable quantities of authority definitions from the quantity of individuals who have attempted to characterize the administration idea (Bass and Stodgill 1990). The meanings of administration have adjusted from period to period, with Rost (1993) depicting it as a kind of impact relationship existing among pioneers and supporters that has an aim of bringing genuine changes that reflects their shared expectations. The viability of a pioneer relies upon the determinants of their characters, characteristics, qualities, notwithstanding the attributes of the subordinates and other situational factors. As Drucker says that administration is tied in with making everything right, except initiative is doing the right things (1995). Lundy (1990) best clarifies this by saying that lone chiefs have subordinates, pioneers have supporters. One such powerful pioneer is Howard Schultz. He is viewed as one of the universes most noteworthy pioneers and is appraised so by anemployee evaluated official studies. His entire administration style spins around the inspiration and motivation of his adherents. He trusts in an interactional relationship with his workers and this methodology of his has driven him towards being an exemplification of fruitful authority (Starbucks Leadership Team 2014). Authority Approaches Effectiveness, Developments and Style Starbucks would be one of the top organizations on the rundown with regards to being included in the best organizations on the planet, and on its steerage is its director and CEO Howard Schultz. The organization is known everywhere throughout the world for their huge chain of espresso stores. Its prosperity is massively appreciated and even begrudged by contenders from everywhere throughout the world. The key to this multi-million associations achievement can be generally credited to the initiative styles embraced by them, with Schultz in command(Rampton 2014). In an association, administration is one of the most significant components and a few speculations have been molded on the equivalent, making initiative a multifaceted subject to manage. All the hypotheses can be classified into four methodologies as follows: (a) quality methodology, (b) conduct approach, (c) possibility approach, and (d) contemporary approach.This area would research the distinctive authority approaches and styles and relate them to the watched techniques for Aristhotel Castro, a head supervisor of Starbucks Singapore and how comparative his strategies are with Howard Schultz in Starbucks, and what he needs to state about his initiative style. In view of the perceptions and discoveries, investigation would be never really improve administration practice. Attribute Approach The Trait approach or hypothesis is the adjustment of the Great Man Theory and contends that any sort of authority properties or attributes are acquirable and there is no need of them to be consistently intrinsic. This administration approach expresses that pioneers have certain one of a kind recognizable characteristics or characteristicsand they have so somewhat. Other than the authority characteristics being intrinsic, they can likewise be procured with the assistance of preparing and practice (Walter and Scheibe 2013). These uncommon characteristics are: Insight Insight is a quality that each great head must have with the goal that they can comprehend the unique situation and substance ofthe position they are in and what their capacities are for getting a handle on the elements of ecological factors that can impact their exercises in having a decent standpointabout the present and future size of their association (Daft 2014). Character Certain intrinsic character characteristics bring up the great heads from the terrible ones. These characteristics incorporate excited relentlessness and advancement, confidence, consummation, strong drive, vision, extrovertness, achievement presentation, purposefulness, discipline, fitness in existing together with others, reliability in character and a tendency to be pleasing. These help heads in sorting out and organizing human endeavors, directing and propelling individuals in taking great choices in task circumstances and helping them inachieving solid outcomes and objectives (Daft 2014). Different Qualities After knowledge and character attributes, great pioneers likewise hold couple of key characteristics, for example, benevolence, intelligent soul, social affectability, ability to bestow, objectivity, a standing energy for people, common sense and a sentiment of realness. Howard Schultz does to be certain fulfill the various requirements and qualities in transforming into a reasonable pioneer. Specifically, it is discovered that he has astonishing capacities and authority qualities in the going with ranges: (a) character, (b) self-thought, (c) coersion, (d) genuineness, (e) administration motivation, (f) data of the exchange, (g) mental and realistic understanding, and (h) eager information (Northouse 2016). Castro strictly follows his lead and attempts to fuse his characteristics and standards in his methods of working. Conduct Approach In the wake of examining broadly on the social characteristics that help a pioneer in being compelling, specialists have discovered that those practices can be arranged in two sections. In the principal segment, the powerful pioneer can be individuals situated and show common certainty and adoration for the laborers, alongside demonstrating legitimate misery for the laborers and their needs. The second classification of pioneers follows the errand situated administration style. These sort of pioneers regularly show the affinity to evidently describe and structure work duties, consigning the laborers to specific tasks, ensuring the workforce are adopting after association gauges and strategies, and push the laborers to accomplish past their high execution capacities. Both the authority styles are incredibly helpful and compelling, with no persuading end what one is the better alternative (Dinhet al. 2014). Howard Schultz has a strong affinity in getting and sharpening the individuals arranged initiative style, which has enlivened Castro for long. Schultz is incredibly disapproving and takes great and genuine consideration on the agent's flourishing and preferences. He is made plans to create a firm that would give careful wellbeing points of interest and venture open doors for all delegates. By taking exceptional consideration of the individuals, he in this way ensures the customers of the association are being taken consideration off. Much the same as Schultz, Castro significantly has confidence in the likelihood that the best way to deal with pass on the best customer experience is to pass on the best agent experience. Starbucks is dependably situated as outstanding amongst other workplace. Thusly, Schultz has adequately manufactured an association with soul, high on trust and motivation (Coulson 2016). Possibility Approach Under the possibility approach of initiative, compelling authority styles are viewed as the one that occurs as indicated by the circumstance. In this methodology, it is comprehended that productive pioneers must be both insightful and adaptable so they can endeavor to modify their practices as per the conditions (Miner 2015). In this methodology, the way objective administration style is the most remarkable hypothesis in current occasions. It has the ability to expound more on the setting of compelling authority than different speculations in this methodology. In the domain of this hypothesis, successful pioneers ensure that the performing representatives would be compensated fittingly in contrast with the individuals who don't perform so well. Likewise, successful pioneers likewise help the representatives with data, support and extra assets (Polston-Murdoch 2013). The way objective administration model sorts four kinds of initiative styles, as talked about beneath: Mandate initiative style In this style, the pioneer would consistently clear up questions that are prepared to give a psychological development of subordinates. The worries that for the most part require to be cleared up contain: execution targets, the systems to achieve the goals, the execution assessment and estimation benchmarks, the huge prizes and remedial exercises and the ordinary practices from the subordinates (Polston-Murdoch 2013). Steady administration style In the steady administration style, the pioneer gives mental support to subordinates by being generous, amicable, making the work progressively superb, moving toward the delegates with respect, exhibiting suitable concerns on the agents input, needs, solicitations, and assumptions, and taking genuine consideration on the delegates' thriving (Polston-Murdoch 2013). Participative initiative style The participative pioneer would normally attract the workforce in the dynamic technique. The pioneer would routinely advise with the laborers, mentioning their information, and taking the various musings and suggestions into thought before choosing any essential decision for the affiliation (Polston-Murdoch 2013). Accomplishment arranged initiative style This sort of a pioneer would much of the time encourage the laborers to play out their best to show up at their best execution in the workplace. The pioneer would normally set testing targets, and envisioning that the laborers ought to perform at their biggest measure of attempts, and to take an interest in consistent change to update their abilities, execution and results in workplace (Polston-Murdoch 2013). Howard Schultz show a blend of steady and participative leadersh

The Story of an Hour & a Sorrowful Woman

â€Å"A Sorrowful Woman† and â€Å"The Story of an Hour† The bitterness and misery showed by both of the wedded ladies in â€Å"A Sorrowful Woman† and â€Å"The Story of an Hour† shows that marriage doesn't continually bring the commonplace closure of most fantasies. Along these lines being living cheerfully ever after. It is apparent that both of these ladies feel caught in their relationships the same number of individuals feel today. Growing up with eight sisters I have likewise observed this sentiment of ensnarement on the planet also. In both of these accounts the ladies show such an absence of adoration towards their companions and in reality in â€Å"The Story of an Hour† it appears as if Mrs. Mallard never truly adored her life partner and is the most joyful for the hour that she thinks her better half is dead. The lady in â€Å"A Sorrowful Woman† is forever discontent with her marriage and life and feels caught also. Interestingly, both of these ladies end up dead and don't figure out how to find support or to escape the relationships. The creators of these two stories Kate Chopin and Gail Goodwin both tie the despondency of these ladies to the manner by which society impacts ones marriage. Above all else, through the settings of their accounts, both of the creators proposed that social desires be the genuine reasons for their protagonists’ passings. In â€Å"A Sorrowful Woman,† the anonymous hero has what is by all accounts such an attractive life. She has a â€Å"durable, responsive, gentle† spouse and a â€Å"tender brilliant three† child (189) â€Å"He was sensitive to her; he saw such things† (189). This announcement persuades that her significant other consistently got her. It likewise appears that he is happy to forfeit his time for her and their family. Mrs. Mallard in â€Å"The Story of an Hour† is in a comparative situation. Realizing that she experiences heart difficulty, â€Å"great care was taken to break to her as tenderly as conceivable the updates on her husband’s death† (18). By setting up such decent conditions where the two heroes live, the writers get perusers far from the idea that their protagonists’ passings are the aftereffect of awful treatment. It is the power of social desires put upon the ladies that secured them in the prison of marriage and that in the end lead them to death. It gets clear while perusing both of these accounts that both of the female heroes in the two stories live unsuitable lives. Mrs. Mallard in â€Å"The Story of an Hour† appears to feel caught in her own marriage. â€Å"She was youthful, with a reasonable, quiet face, whose lines bespoke restraint and even certain strength† (19) reveals to us that her marriage has removed everything from the young lady inwardly. â€Å"It was just yesterday she had thought with a shiver that life may be long† (19), shows that she never felt opportunity in her life and felt troubled in this marriage since life appeared to be so long as a result of it. Along these lines, â€Å"She didn't hear the story the same number of ladies have heard the same† (18) when she was told about her husband’s demise. She simply acknowledged it and went to her room since she understood that her husband’s demise gave her opportunity and now â€Å"spring days, and summer days, and a wide range of days [that] would be her own. † (19) In the other story â€Å"A Sorrowful Womanâ€Å", the by and by anonymous hero, is detained as far as she could tell. This is unique in relation to â€Å"The story of 60 minutes. † In â€Å"A Sorrowful Woman† seeing her family makes her so appalled and uncomfortable. She feels that to love and deal with her family is a weight. â€Å"She stood exposed aside from her bra, which hung by one tie down the side of her body; she had not the driving force to shrug it off† (189) shows how worn out and unmotivated she feels about her life. Both of these ladies in these two stories battle to live joyfully and are continually living in misery. Numerous perusers, including myself, may ask why they don’t free themselves by offering separation to the spouses. Chopin and Godwin utilize a great deal of incongruity to permit perusers to realize that it isn’t straightforward for their heroes to break the social desires that keep them in the limit of marriage. Separation is never a possibility for them. Separation may have never been characterized in their general public, and it was without a doubt not as basic then as it is presently. These poor ladies have no real way to escape from their serious misery. Not exclusively did these ladies not have an approach to escape their emergency, however they were likewise denied from acting naturally and from doing what they need. In â€Å"A Sorrowful Woman,† the primary character is depleted from being â€Å"a spouse and mother one an excessive number of times† (189). At the point when her child says, â€Å"She’s tired of doing every one of our things again† (193), this mentions to us what her life resembled. She was continually feeling the pressure of attempting to be a housewife without wanting to, in spite of the fact that she had the capacity to compose and wasn’t allowed a lot of to compose. Just a single time in her life does she get an opportunity to compose â€Å"mad and whimsical stories no one would ever make up again, and a table brimming with affection sonnets†¦Ã¢â‚¬ (192-193); that is before her demise. This lady is in an extreme pickle. While the individual herself advises her to do anything she desires to, the individual that is influenced by social desires inside her advises her to do different things. She totally loses controls of herself. Despite the fact that she couldn't do things she needs, she despite everything needed to imagine as though she was the most fortunate lady (189). In â€Å"The Story of an Hour,† then again, Mrs. Mallard’s overpowering euphoria when she got the updates on her husband’s demise showed for to what extent and the amount she needed to be â€Å"Free, free, free! (19). Just alone in her room could Mrs. Mallard express her bliss. Before individuals, she needs to subdue her emotions and profess to be dismal. The contention inside and outside the lady enlightens us so much regarding what the general public anticipated that her should do. It additionally appears that Godwin was attempting to show the contention between Mrs. Mallards marriage and society by seriously depicting her reality inside and outside of her room. Chopin and Godwin have effectively guided perusers to the main sensible goals of their accounts, the passings of their fundamental characters. Passing is the main way our two heroes can escape from their anguish and from the weight of social desires put upon them. These two women’s social orders don’t permit them to kick the bucket easily in any event, when they have picked passing as their destiny. In â€Å"A Sorrowful Woman,† despite the fact that our anonymous hero scorns being a mother and spouse she despite everything does what society would expect of her, as a housewife, directly before her demise. She made â€Å"five portions of warm bread, a meal stuffed turkey, a coated ham, three pies of various fillings, †¦Ã¢â‚¬  (192). In â€Å"The Story of an Hour,† Mrs. Mallard was said to have kicked the bucket of â€Å"joy that kills† (20) despite the fact that it appears as if she passed on in light of the fact that she was at long last ready to see opportunity in her day’s ahead and couldn't comprehend to live under her husband’s will once more. Indeed, even until her demise, her general public despite everything pushed her in the situation of a faker, of an individual she never needs to be. Without an exit from these troubled circumstances, both of the heroes picked passing for opportunity. It is just through death that they are both ready to escape from their despondent lives. These accounts incite so much idea. Should society be all the more comprehension of individuals? Possibly if our general public could be all the more aside from and understanding there would be less catastrophe like there has been in Chopin’s â€Å"The Story of an Hour† and Godwin’s â€Å"A Sorrowful Woman. † Works Cited Chopin, Kate. â€Å"The Story of an Hour. † Thinking and Writing About Literature. Michael Mayer. second ed. Boston: Bedford/St. Martin’s, 2001. 18-20. Goodwin, Gail. â€Å"A Sorrowful Woman. † Thinking and Writing About Literature. Michael Mayer. second ed. Boston: Bedford/St. Martin’s, 2001. 189-193.

Audience Analysis Report Example

Audience Analysis Report Example Audience Analysis Report â€" Assignment Example > Online Survey ResultAnswers on “What is your age? ”what is your ageFig1.0Answers on “Have you ever smoked? ”Have you ever smoked? Fig1.1Answers on “do you know someone who smokes? ”Do you know someone who smokesFig 1.2Answers on “should the operations of the tobacco companies be controlled to ensure access of tobacco products is manageable? ”Should the operations of the tobacco companies be controlled to ensure access of tobacco products is manageableFig1.3Answers on how “do you feel when you see someone smoking? ”Do you feel when you see someone smoking? Fig1.4Answers on     “What do you think contributes to smoking? ”What do you think contributes to smoking? Image oneImage TwoFig1.3Fig1.4Image threeImage fourFig1.7Appendix 1: InterviewsInterview one: 24-year old male. Non-smoker, Patrick. Benard: Have you ever smoked or felt like smoking? Patrick: Hmmm, am not sure how I can approach such question. But let me begin by saying that those are two different and independent questions. Personally, I have never smoked but by dealing with some friends made me feel like I should take a puff. This came when I was sharing a room with Daniels in my first year at Nanyang Technological University. Benard: what makes you not to smoke? Patrick: Benard, do you smoke? (He asks jokingly looking at my lips) before you even answer the question, smoking or not smoking is more of a personal decision than collective. Every day we read about effects of smoking; the anti-smoking campaigns have flooded everywhere in Singapore. They talk about lung cancer, heart diseases, stroke and many more as being effects of smoking. And if you look at the long run implications of smoking it becomes a personal decision rather than collective as I mentioned before. Benard: And from your perspective, what do you think contributes to people smoking? Patrick: It is clear that answers to that question are dependent on other factors. And unfortunately I will not answer you fr om my perspective since I do not have statistics with me. People have many reasons as to why they start and continue smoking. I will provide an answer based on recent researches in Singapore which I believe are more factual regarding your question. Vietnam National Committee on Smoking and Health explains that in Singapore, born a male is already a reason why people should just smoke. Other reasons rated high is the peer influence and poverty depending on the region. Benard: Do you know someone who is related to you who smokes? Patrick: That is right, handful. Benard: How do you feel when someone smokes? Patrick: Sorry! Interview two: 29-year old male. Smoker, Muzzammil. Benard: Have you ever smoked or felt like smoking? Muzzammil: I started smoking when I was 17 and I have been a regular smoker for 12 years. Benard: What contributed towards your smoking habits? Muzzammil: As you can see, I started smoking at a tender age and at that start, you honestly do not know the repercussion s of smoking. And funnily, you are sure that you can just give smoking a try and give it a leave a couple of days to come. Going to your question, peer influence played a great role. I did try smoking because most of my friends were doing it and to fit in the group and play cricket together in the outcast of the city of Singapore, smoking was almost compulsory.

Computer Studies Notes - 9305 Words

The International School Seychelles IGCSE Computer Studies CIE 0420 Theory Notes Contents 1 Applications Of Computers, Their Social Economic Implications................................ 1 1.1 The Range And Scope Of Computer Applications ............................................................................. 1 1.2 The Social And Economic Implications Of The Use Of Computers....................................................... 3 2 System Analysis ......................................................... 6 2.1 Systems Analysis ................................................................... 6 3 Problem Solution, Algorithm Design Programming Concepts............................. 8 3.1 Making An†¦show more content†¦In forecasting systems, predictions are made about the future based on previous data, and a model of how the system works. Weather Forecasting Computer-aided design try to predict weather, taking data from sensors, using computer models of weather systems (CAD) designs for objects can be designed, altered and tested within the computer, prior to manufacture Monitoring And Control Systems A computer is used to monitor a system through the use of sensors (such as light, heat, etc.) The computer can then operate devices to control the system (such as pumps, valves, etc.) Monitoring hospital patients checks heart rate, etc. setting off an alarm if low Nuclear power station control monitors temperature, etc. and adjusts coolant Traffic survey and control checks the number of cars, alters traffic light timings Automation And Robotics The use of computers to control other mechanical devices. Usually requires some sort of interface which allows the computer to receive data from input sensors, and to control output devices such as motors. Domestic automation Automatic navigation Industrial robots washing machines, microwaves aircraft, ships, cars (GSM satellite navigation) used to work on manufacturing lines. Can work non-stop, 24 hours a day, 365 days a year. Can work in hazardous areas Expert Systems And Artificial Intelligence Artificial Intelligence (AI) is the attempt to simulate the human brain, and itsShow MoreRelatedEssay On Evaluation Of Note Taking897 Words   |  4 PagesDescription The purpose of the study is to determine if using the same method of note-taking and assessment has an impact on the performance of higher education students. This article is peer-reviewed and was published on January 2014 in the 7th Volume of the International Journal of Instruction. The researchers Matthew E. Barrett, Alexander B. Swan, Ani Mamikonian, Inna Ghajoyan, Olga Kramarova, and Dr. Robert J. 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Fats and Lipids What Is the Difference Essay - 1598 Words

1. Lipids A lipid is a group of naturally occurring molecules. That group includes fats, waxes, steroids, fat-soluble vitamins (A, D, E, and K) phospholipids, etc. They are broadly defined as hydrophobic or amphiphilic small molecules. The amphiphilic molecules form structures such as vesicles, liposomes, and membranes in an aqueous environment.They are insoluble in water, yet soluble in alcohol. (Human Biology) Lipids contain carbon, hydrogen and oxygen but they have far less oxygen than carbohydrates. They have high melting points. (Human Biology) The saturated acids have a higher melting point than unsaturated acids. Lipids can be extracted from plants and animals using solvents such as ether, chloroform and acetone. (Chemistry:†¦show more content†¦If a person doesn’t get enough of these unsaturated fats, they can see problems such as skin problems or a delay of growth. These types of lipids are typically seen in foods such as canola oil, fatty fish, and soybean oil. (Diet for a Small Planet) Saturated fats, however, can put your body at a risk of bad cholesterol, heart problems, and many other harmful health risks. They usually come from foods from animals, such as meat, milk, and butter. Those foods tend to have a high concentration of saturated fats. There is a fat type that is worse than saturated fats. They are trans-fats. These types of lipids can actually hurt the function of the membrane receptors that help the body clean out cholesterol from the blood. These kinds of fats occur when unsaturated oils are hydrogenated. (Diet for a Small Planet) 3. The difference between fats and lipids â€Å"Although all fats are lipids, not all lipids are fats.† Fats are only one type of lipid. Lipids include a wide variety of different molecules. A â€Å"lipid† is a general name that is assigned to a group of fat soluble compounds found in the tissues of plants and animals. They compose the building blocks of structure and function of living cells. 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Another objective they had was to examine whether nuts positively influence the risk of CVD through markers of inflammation or modulation of plasma lipids. The population was composed of 6,309 women with diabetes who were followed up until the year 2002. Methods This was a cohort study, in which the participants were followed from 1980 to 2002, or 54,656 person years of follow-up. Person years is

Influence of Religion on African Culture Free Essays

string(33) " in traditional African culture\." Africa is a continent of diversity. In this diversity there are hundreds of tribes and communities each practicing its own culture and religion. It would be very difficult to define Africa’s traditional religion as it would be difficult to define its culture. We will write a custom essay sample on Influence of Religion on African Culture or any similar topic only for you Order Now More so, it is extremely difficult to establish the dividing line between African Culture and African Religion. However, as much as there were many African Traditional Religions, their similarities were more dominant than their differences. We take up these similarities and encompass them as one African Traditional Religion. In this report, we explore the important aspects of Africa’s Traditional Religions and cultures that cut across the entire continent. This essay is based on various researches done by prominent scholars, historical background of Africa, news and books relevant to African studies. This report attempts to define religion, culture, and explores the major religions, African Traditional Religion (ATR), Christianity and Islam and their influence and impact on African culture. Africa is one of the World’s six continents. It is the second largest and second most populous continent after Asia. Other continents include; Asia, America-North, America-South, Australia, Europe. Geologically, Present-day Africa, occupying one-fifth of Earth’s land surface, is the central remnant of the ancient southern supercontinent called Gondwanaland, a landmass once made up of South America, Australia, Antarctica, India, and Africa. This massive supercontinent broke apart between 195 million and 135 million years ago, cleaved by the same geological forces that continue to transform Earth’s crust today. At about 30. 2 million km? (11. 7 million sq  mi) including adjacent islands, it covers 6% of the Earth’s total surface area and 20. % of the total land area. With 1. 0 billion people (as of 2009) in 61 territories, it accounts for about 14. 72% of the world’s human population. The continent is surrounded by the Mediterranean Sea to the north, both the Suez Canal and the Red Sea along the Sinai Peninsula to the northeast, the Indian Ocean to the southeast, and the Atlantic Ocean to the west. The continent has 54 sovereign states, including Mad agascar, various island groups, and the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic, a member state of the African Union whose statehood is disputed by Morocco. Afri was the name of several Semitic peoples who dwelt in North Africa near Carthage (in modern Tunisia). Their name is usually connected with Phoenician afar, â€Å"dust†, but a 1981 hypothesis has asserted that it stems from a Berber word ifri or Ifran meaning â€Å"cave†, in reference to cave dwellers. Africa or Ifri or Afer is name of Banu Ifran from Algeria and Tripolitania (Berber Tribe of Yafran). Pre-colonial Africa possessed perhaps as many as 10,000 different states and polities characterised by many different sorts of political organisation and rule. These included small family groups of hunter-gatherers such as the San people of southern Africa; larger, more structured groups such as the family clan groupings of the Bantu-speaking people of central and southern Africa, heavily structured clan groups in the Horn of Africa, the large Sahelian kingdoms, and autonomous city-states and kingdoms such as those of the Akan, Yoruba and Igbo people (also misspelled as Ibo) in West Africa, and the Swahili coastal trading towns of East Africa. Religion originates from the Latin world religare (re: back, and ligare: to bind), and this brings up the world â€Å"being bound. † faith is usually the core element of religion. Faith encompasses â€Å"Value-center,† â€Å"trust,† â€Å"loyalty,† and â€Å"meaning†. It is difficult to define religion. A good definition of religion is one that expounds on the following key traits; Belief in something sacred (for example, gods or other supernatural beings), A distinction between sacred and profane objects, Ritual acts focused on sacred objects, A moral code believed to have a sacred or supernatural basis, characteristically religious feelings (awe, sense of mystery, sense of guilt, adoration), which tend to be aroused in the presence of sacred objects and during the practice of ritual, prayer and other forms of communication with the supernatural, world view, or a general picture of the world as a whole and the place of the individual therein. This picture contains some specification of an over-all purpose or point of the world and an indication of how the individual fits into it, a more or less total organization of one’s life based on the world view, A social group bound together by the above. Culture (from the Latin cultura stemming from colere, meaning â€Å"to cultivate †) is a term that has various meanings. For example, in 1952, Alfred Kroeber and Clyde Kluckhohn compiled a list of 164 definitions of â€Å"culture† in Culture: A Critical Review of Concepts and Definitions. However, the word â€Å"culture† is most commonly used in three basic senses: Excellence of taste in the fine arts and humanities, also known as culture, An integrated pattern of human knowledge, belief, and behavior that depends upon the capacity for symbolic thought and social learning and the set of shared attitudes, values, goals, and practices that characterizes an institution, organization or group. Culture has six core elements; politics, economics, ethics, aesthetics, kinship and religion. And out of these, religion â€Å"is by far the richest part of the African heritage. † It shapes their cultures, their social life, their politics, and their economics and is at the same time shaped by this same way of life. Some of the major religions that influenced African culture; African traditional religion, Christianity and Islam African Traditional Religion It is a unique religion whose sources include: sacred places and religious objects such as rocks, hills, mountains, trees, caves and other holy places; rituals, ceremonies and festivals of the people; art and symbols; music and dance; proverbs, riddles, and wise sayings; and names of people and places. Beliefs cover topics such as God, spirits, birth, death, the hereafter, magic, and witchcraft. Religion, in the African indigenous context, permeates all departments of life. Africa’s traditional religion is based on the Ubuntu philosophy, which is a Zulu word for human-ness, and was developed over many centuries in traditional African culture. You read "Influence of Religion on African Culture" in category "Papers" This culture was pre-literate, pre-scientific and pre-industrial. The concept of Ubuntu was originally expressed in the songs and stories, the customs and the institutions of the people. Another distinctive quality of the Ubuntu philosophy is the African emphasis on consensus. Indeed, the African traditional culture has, seemingly, an almost infinite capacity for the pursuit of consensus and reconciliation. Democracy in the African way does not simply boil down to majority rule since it operates in the form of discussions geared towards a consensus. Christianity The Christian religion was founded in what is today Israel and Palestine 2000 years ago at the beginning of the Common Era. Christianity is based on the life and teachings of Jesus Christ, a Jewish teacher and prophet. Early Christians (followers of Christ) believed that Jesus was divine in that he was the son of God. Islam Islam is a religion that was founded by Prophet Mohammed. It geographic origin can be traced to the modern-day Saudi Arabia. Influences of Religion on African Culture Religion being one of the core components of culture has a great influence on culture. Every religion practiced in Africa today has had a profound effect on the African culture, be it the African Traditional Religion, Christianity or Islam. Christianity Influence on African Culture arrived in Africa in two groups. One important group was centered in Egypt and had influence throughout North Africa. This group was known as the Gnostics. One of the other major factions of the early Christianity was centered in Rome. This faction was very much influenced by the teachings of the Apostle Paul. This faction became prominent in the fourth century C. E. when the Roman Empire officially became Christian. Recognizing the importance of a sacred text in solidifying their control over Christianity, the Roman faction brought together a collection of writings by early Christians and proclaimed these writings were inspired by God and that they were the true testament of the life and teachings of Jesus. This collection is known as the New Testament and is a central part of the Christian Bible. However, in creating the New Testament the Roman faction rejected as heresy all other writings about Jesus’ life and teachings, including many books written by North African Gnostic Christians In spite of the repression of the Gnostic Christians by Roman Christians, Christianity continued to flourish throughout North Africa until the arrival of Islam in the seventh century C. E. The Christians in this area were known as Coptic Christians, named after the main language of the area. By the time of the arrival of Islam, the Coptic Orthodox Church had lost most of the Gnostic influence, although the Coptic faith, like the Gnostics placed a great deal of emphasis on contemplation and monasticism. In structure, it was similar to the Church of Rome in that it practiced the same sacraments, and the church structure was made up of priests and bishops. Like the Roman Church, the Coptic Orthodox Church is headed by a Patriarch (similar to the Pope in the Roman Church) who lives in Alexandria. Even after Egypt had been taken over by Arab Moslems, the Coptic Christians continued to form a small but important segment of Egyptian society. Indeed, Coptic Christians today comprise approximately fifteen per cent of the Egyptian population. Christianity was introduced in Nubia by Christian monks and traders in the fifth and sixth centuries C. E. By the seventh century, the rulers of Nubia and most Nubians had converted to Christianity. In practice and structure, the Nubian church was similar to the Coptic Orthodox Church in Egypt. In June, 18, 1452, Pope Nicholas V issued the papal bull ‘Dum Diversas’, granting King Alfonso V of Portugal the right to â€Å"attack, conquer, and subjugate Saracens, Pagans and other enemies of Christ wherever they may be found. † It gave title over all lands and possessions seized and permitted the Portuguese to take the inhabitants and consign them to perpetual slavery. Dum Diversas legitimised the colonial slave trade that begun around this time with the expeditions by Henry the Navigator to find a sea route to India, which were financed with African slaves. This approval of slavery was reaffirmed and extended in his Romanus Pontifex of 1455. The transatlantic trade in Africans was founded on Christianity. Religion was key in motivating Prince Henry of Portugal, later called Henry, â€Å"the Navigator† (1394-1460), to put in motion Europe’s aggressive and ruthless expeditions to Africa. Henry was not only the governor of Algrave Province, who managed a large economic infrastructure based on the unbridled grasp of enormous wealth from trans-Saharan commerce, but he was also the administrator of the Order of Christ, the Portuguese successor to the Knights Templar, a famous Western military order founded in the aftermath of the First Crusade at Clermont on November 27, 1095. As one of the best fighting units, the Soldiers of Christ prompted a series of striking maritime exploits, ensuring the safety of Europeans who made pilgrimages to Jerusalem. It is important to note that during this historical period, the feudal states of European countries were just beginning to unite and major religious wars were being fought between Christians and Muslims, especially the Moors in Morocco. Henry trained men to sail from Portugal, down the west coast of Africa in search of the limits to the Muslim world, in order to halt the Islamization of West Africa and to accelerate the spread of Christianity. In order to further God’s intentions for humankind, Ogbu Kalu contends that within the context of religious logic, papal bulls offered rights of patronage to Henry, authorizing him to appoint clerical orders for evangelization and to fend off competing European interests. According to Peter Russell, Henry the Navigator considered conversion and enslavement as interchangeable terms, experiencing no cognitive dissonance in using Christianity as a civilizing agent for making converts into slaves. In â€Å"Christianity: Missionaries in Africa,† Modupe Labode sums it up this way: The case of the Portuguese exemplifies the close relationship between Crown and Church. In the Treaty of Tordesillas (1494), the pope recognized Portuguese claims to Africa. The Crown was also responsible for attempting to convert the indigenous people to Christianity. Much of the missionary effort over the next two and half centuries was conducted under Portuguese authority. The vast majority of the missionaries at this time were Roman Catholic priests, many of them belonged to religious orders such as the Jesuits, Capuchins, and Franciscans. Influence of Islam on African Culture led to the spread of Islam, from its heartland in the Middle East and North Africa to India and Southeast Asia, revealed the power of the religion and its commercial and sometimes military attributes. The spread of Islam across much of the northern third of Africa produced profound effects on both those who converted and those who resisted the new faith. Islamization also served to link Muslim Africa even more closely to the outside world through trade, religion, and politics. Trade and long-distance commerce, in fact, was carried out in many parts of the continent and linked regions beyond the orbit of Muslim penetration. Until about 1450, however, Islam provided the major external contact between sub-Saharan Africa and the world. State building took place in many areas of the continent under a variety of conditions. West Africa, for example, experienced both the cultural influence of Islam and its own internal dynamic of state building and civilization developments that produced, in some places, great artistic accomplishments. The existence of stateless societies and their transformation into states are a constant of African history even beyond 1500. As we have seen with Egypt, North Africa was also linked across the Sahara to the rest of Africa in many ways. With the rise of Islam, those ties became even closer. Between A. D. 640 and 700 the followers of Muhammad swept across North Africa from Suez to the Pillars of Hercules on Morocco’s Atlantic shore. By A. D. 670 Muslims ruled Tunisia, or Ifriqiya, what the Romans had called Africa. (The Arabs originally used this word as the name for eastern North Africa and Maghrib for lands to the West. ) By 711, Arab and Berber armies had crossed into Spain. In opposition to the states dominated by the Arabic rulers, the peoples of the desert, the Berbers, formed states of their own at places such as Fez in Morocco and at Sijilimasa, the old city of the trans-Saharan caravan trade. By the 11th century, under pressure from new Muslim invaders from the East, a great puritanical reformist movement, whose followers were called the Almoravids, grew among the desert Berbers of the western Sahara. Launched on the course of a jihad, a holy war waged to purify, spread, or protect the faith, the Almoravids moved southward against the African kingdoms of the savanna and westward into Spain. Islam offered a number of attractions within Africa. Its fundamental teaching that all Muslims are equal within the community of believers made the acceptance of conquerors and new rulers easier. The Islamic tradition of uniting the powers of the state and religion in the person of the ruler or caliph appealed to some African kings as a way of reinforcing their authority. The concept that all members of the ummah, or community of believers, were equal put the newly converted Berbers and later Africans on an equal footing with the Arabs, at least in law. Despite these egalitarian and somewhat utopian ideas within Islam, practice differed considerably at local levels. Social stratification remained important in Islamicized societies and ethnic distinctions also divided the believers. The Muslim concept of a ruler who united civil and religious authority reinforced traditional ideas of kingship. It is also important to note that in Africa, as elsewhere in the world, the formation of states heightened social differences and made these societies more hierarchical. Africans had been enslaved by others before, and Nubian (African) slaves had been known in the classical world, but with the Muslim conquests of North Africa and commercial penetration to the south, slavery became a more widely diffused phenomenon, and a slave trade in Africans developed on a new scale. In theory, slavery was viewed by Muslims as a stage in the process of conversion – a way of preparing pagans to become Muslims – but in reality conversion did not guarantee freedom. Slaves in the Islamic world were used in a variety of occupations, such as domestic servants and laborers, but they were also used as soldiers and administrators who, having no local ties and affiliations, were considered to be dependent and thus trustworthy by their masters. Slaves were also used as eunuchs and concubines; thus the emphasis on women and children. The trade caravans from the Sahel across the Sahara often transported slaves as well as gold. Other slave-trade routes developed from the African interior to the east African coast. The tendency for the children of slave mothers to eventually be freed and integrated into Muslim society, while positive in one sense, also meant a constant demand for more slaves. Islam provided the residents of these towns a universal set of ethics and beliefs that made their maritime contacts easier; but in East Africa, as in the savanna kingdoms of West Africa, Islamization was slow to penetrate among the general population, and when it did, the result was often a compromise between indigenous ways and the new faith. By the thirteenth century, a string of urbanized trading ports sharing the common Bantu-based and Arabic-influenced Swahili language and other cultural traits – although governed by separate Muslim ruling families – had developed along the coast. Towns such as Mogadishu, Mombasa, Malindi, Kilwa, Pate, and Zanzibar eventually contained mosques, tombs, and palaces of cut stone and coral. Ivory, gold, iron, slaves, and exotic animals were exported from these ports in exchange for silks from Persia and porcelain from China for the ruling Muslim families. African culture remained strong throughout the area. Swahili language was essentially a Bantu language into which a large number of Arabic words were incorporated, though many of them were not incorporated until the 16th century. The language was written in an Arabic script sometime prior to the 13th century; the ruling families could also converse in Arabic. Islam itself penetrated very little into the interior among the hunters, pastoralists, and farmers. Even the areas of the coast near the trading towns remained relatively unaffected. In the towns, the stone and coral buildings of the Muslim elite were surrounded by mud and thatch houses of the non-Muslim common people, so that Islamization was to some extent class-based. Still, a culture developed that fused Islamic and traditional elements. Family lineage, for example, was traced both through the maternal line, which controlled property (the traditioral African practice), and through the paternal line, as was the Muslim custom. The enduring legacy of the influence of religion on African culture led to majority of Africans profess either Christian or Islamic faith. Considering that there lie a thin veneer between culture and religion, it is imperative that these two religions have fundamentally altered the African culture, if there exist any. These religions spread into Africa aboard various vehicles, including; slavery, colonialism, trade, education, among others. These religions emphasized a ruler-ship founded on a hierarchy focused on one centre of power, the imperial dictatorship. This was contrary to African culture that was less hierarchical and more collegiate, that emphasized on dialogue and consensus. It is this imperialist hierarchical structure that still causes chaos in Africa today. To a large extend most Africans remain colonized, whether politically, economically, religiously, culturally, spiritually or otherwise. A society that is still colonized is not a free society, it is a society wallowing deeply in the swampy marshes of slavery. Africa, the mother of humanity, as it stands now is one whose veil of religion and garment of culture has been torn. It is a mother whose dignity has been raped, and its young children defiled by the older siblings who came back from their adventures abroad. One most fundamental question would be: Is colonialism and slavery a just price that Africans have to pay eternally for the reward of education and trade? Whichever way the answer comes to be, Africa needs restoration. Restoration is only possible if Africans can wake up to spiritual reality and eschew the bondage of foreign religion consumed by it from its renegade sons and daughters. The turning point can only be achieved if Africans realize that religion and spirituality are distinct – that spirituality possessed by a religious person can never be fresh and neither can religion exist in a pure spirituality. Africa must free itself from this intoxicating addiction to foreign religion, and for that matter, any religion for it to be truly free. CONCLUSION. In conclusion, a keen oversee at history slowly shows us more cleary the influence of religion on African culture. The change due to the influence may not have taken place there and then but took time spreading its roots and slowly merging with the native culture and in some other instances completely eroding it. Just like how Christianity was introduced to Africa, the natives did not completely embrace it just like that, they took their precious time and in present day Africa, it is still being practiced and no one can pin point the exact time when Christianity was completely taken in by the natives of the past. These different religions which were introduced to African culture or way of life made other cultures to take a complete turnaround from their practices and events. How to cite Influence of Religion on African Culture, Papers

A Lexicographical Project Business Plan

Questions: This is a hypothetical case, therefore your team must decide what type of enterprise you will develop a Security preparedness plan for. Your team will review the five key topic areas presented in class and in the PowerPoints and research each of the key guidelines on these topics and guidelines to prepare and an organization for cyber security best practices including policies and procedure development, incidents response readiness, Disaster recovery and Contingency plan preparedness, corporate policy and governance. Remember the organization has hired your team to prepare them for these areas and be compliant with best practices and standards. Their current status is poor and they are in need organizing and incorporating a security infrastructure. 1. Your team should meet regularly to discuss and prepare scope for this project plan. a. Scope definition phase will occur where the team will decide the scope of this plan. b. A written executive scope statement should be prepared. 2 . Remember the key phases from your project Management class. a. Human resource management to define the roles and responsibilities of the project team. (remember assume you will have a large team of professional that will perform activities in the work breakdown structure) i. List the key skills required, their minimum training and education requirements ii. Will they be Hourly or salary b. Develop a Work Breakdown Structure and determine the work periods (days) for each activity. i. Your team will need to develop a phase plane for the activities in your WBS ii. Remember the strong dependencies or weak dependencies of activities to take place. iii. Remember to set a start date 3. Prepare a cost baseline for the activities in your plan a. What resources will be applied to all the activities (human and materials) and at what rate b. This will determine the budget for this project plan. Answers: Introduction: According to Lundkvist, Meiling and Sandberg, cyber security is one of the type of security that is applied to various computing devices like smart phones, computers etc. as well as various computer networks. It is a process in doing the application of various security measures in order to ensure integrity, confidentiality as well as availability of data. In this particular assignment, the enterprise from business sector is selected named Credit Union Bank. It also discusses about the development of security preparedness plan that includes development of policies and procedures, disaster recovery and the preparedness of the contingency plan. Executive Scope Statement: Lundkvist, Meiling and Sandberg argued that cyber security is one of the potential method of information technology security that allows in protecting the networks, computer, programs that running. Apart from that, implementation of cyber security will also allow to protect from unauthorized access and destruction that unintended. Therefore, implementation of Cyber Security in the banking system of Credit Union Bank will be very much effective to protect their information such as transactions, file sharing over networks, etc. As days passed, technology changes rapidly and the threats in internet become higher and higher throughout the world. Cyber crime is one of the potential threats for the bankers as well as for the other users. In terms of protecting the cyber threats as well as increased criminal activities, implementation of Cyber Security system will be effective (Torres et al.). Therefore, the scope of this project is to lead the attention in sharing business information from one to other in banking sector especially for the Credit Union Bank. Moreover, Cyber Security System is also known as the safeguard national security that mostly developed by the nations in terms of protecting the digital spying and attacks. Therefore, implementation of Cyber Crime Security has huge scope in protecting data for the Credit Union Bank. On the contrary, Alberts, cited that the business interests and national security of any country in the world depends on the cyber security in these modern days (Throndson et al.). Development or implementation of cyber security professionals in the business system of Credit Union Bank will be better to correlate the organizational daily security operations and broad security guidelines. Se iof security topologies will be effective and efficient in improving security system if Credit Union Bank. It not only helps in preventing the cyber breach of the organization but also helps in protecting the information from cyber threats or attack ers. Through the use of data loss prevention tools, Credit Union Bank will be able to protect their business information. This project will bring broad scope for Credit Union Bank because majority of organization especially the organization in banking sector faces challenges in protecting their information from the attackers (Eskerod and Jepsen). According to the 2008 market review, it has been analysed that in the banking sector of United State, organizations were face loss of more than $8.10 billion in a year. It highlighted the importance of Cyber Security System in the banking sector. Therefore, the undertaken project of Cyber Security System implementation for their online transferring system and data protection will be the best methodology. Overview of the organization: Credit Union Bank started their journey at 22nd March 2012 with a small number of accounts holder in California. Through providing better service, satisfying the customers, the company is increasing the customer base, and developing a brand name within the banking sector in United States. Credit Union Bank provides the variety of banking services such as personal banking, corporate banking, agricultural finance, financial trade, international banking, industrial finance, etc (Lock). The key stakeholders of the Credit Union Bank in United Sates are the small sized organization as well as industrial units. Moreover, the selected organization also has the customers of non-residential of California, multinational companies as well as exporters. After starting the business in financial banking sector, Credit Union Bank humbly started their business and has grown in their structure. The organization generates 3% revenue of overall financial activities within California. Apart from that, customers are also happy with the service that provided by the organization. The mission of the company is to generate more revenue and retain the customers through providing higher service. According to the management of the organization, Credit Union Bank firmly focuses on establishing their business successfully and becoming the leading banker in the banking sector of California. The vision of the company is to expand the market international and achieve higher revenue in the international banking sector. In order to provide better and efficient service to the customers, Credit Union Bank keeps their tune and changes their technologies more efficiently. It allows them in providing speedy service. For example, the company provided internet banking, mobile banking for quick fund transfer. Figure 1: Organizational Chart of Credit Union Bank (Created By author) Moreover, messaging facility for both credit and debit of the customers account allows in maintaining security for every transaction (Torres et al.). For the net banking purpose, Credit Union Bank uses latest technology such as One Time Password Methodology. The manager of the Credit Union Bank said that the company has taken major initiative in computerization in their overall process. Credit union Bank has more than 12 branches in all part of the California. Entire branches of the organization have been computerized (Throndson et al.). Credit union Bank provides all time banking with a impressive tagline Any Time, Any Where Banking to their customers. Through the implementation of centralized banking solution, Credit Union Bank introduced the latest technology and quick fund transfer for their customers. The organization generates large amount of customer related report and documents. Credit Union Bank introduced the FineDoc system for their Document Management System that assists them in creating a detail information database for the new customers (Yang). This electronics document form stored entire information of the new customers to provide the effective customer service and also avoiding the legal disputes. The main problems that faced by the Credit Union over the year is cyber crime. The company faced $75.3 million in the year of 2014 via cyber crime. As the entire system of Credit Union Bank is computerized, it was unable to manage the entire security system by the IT staffs. Moreover, the company also faced challenges in file sharing and documents sharing over their branches (Rose). Therefore, this project plan is developing for the implementation or integration of Cyber Security System including RSS algorithm over their computerized banking system. RSS algorithm will allow the selected organization in transmitting information with each branch in a safe way. The string encryption methodology of RSS algorithm will be effective for Credit Union Bank and maintain the security system. Project team members: Employee Name Job Description M/F Years of Experience Daily Cost Work Quality* Team Worker* Comms Skills* Work Behaviour Jenny Preece Programmer F 3 years 125 7 8 8 8 Ben Shneiderman Business Analyst M 6 years 190 8 6 6 7 Alan Dix IT Specialist M 14 years 210 5 4 5 7 Jakob Nielsen Test Engineer M 1 year 100 7 8 7 7 Steve Krug Network Specialist M 5 years 155 6 8 6 8 Paul Dourish Programmer M 7 years 205 9 3 4 8 Xristine Faulkner Developer F 6 years 145 7 7 9 7 Donald Norman Programmer M 5 years 130 7 7 6 8 Bruno Latour Developer M 11 years 195 8 7 5 7 Manuel De Landa IT Specialist M 3 years 150 6 4 4 6 Nicolas Negroponte Senior Programmer M 8 years 250 9 8 7 7 Brenda Laurel Developer F 9 years 120 5 9 8 8 Martin Heidegger Business Analyst M 1 year 80 8 5 8 7 Tim Breners-Lee Operations Expert M 2 years 180 8 6 7 8 Steve Wozniak Senior Analyst M 7 years 160 7 6 8 7 Michel Foucault Senior Developer M 7 years 185 9 9 9 6 Gilles Deleuze Test Engineer M 1 year 100 7 8 6 7 Bill Gates Business Analyst M 5 years 100 4 6 8 8 John Dewey Network Specialist M 4 years 155 8 5 8 7 Jimi Hendrix IT Specialist M 12 years 150 6 4 5 6 Walter White Network Analyst M 5 year 100 9 5 5 6 Bootsy Collins Programmer M 13 years 210 8 9 7 7 Project phases In terms of completing this project, project managers will follow the five phases of project management such as project initiation, project planning, project execution, project control and project finished. Project Initiation: In this particular phase, project manager examined the entire operation process of Credit Union Bank and their current security system. According to the current operation method, project manager will determine the benefits of the project for selected organization. During this particular phase, the decision making team will be develop for identifying the realistically of the project completion. The planning phase can be considered as a milestone task. Project Planning: In terms of developing this project, project manager will create a project charter and maintain the activity. Moreover, project manager will also design the scope for this particular project through writing the outline of the project work that to be performed. In terms of designing the scope of the project, one team including the senior analyst will be design that should be prioritizing. During this phase, project manager also calculate the initial project budget and prepare the gantt chart using MS Project including the determination of resources. Project Execution: During this phase, project manager will provide the roles and responsibilities to the team members I terms of successful implementation of cyber security system at Credit Union Bank. Moreover, the project related information will be defines and checking by the project manager, It will be effective approach of deliver the project just in time. Moreover, Torres et al. opined that during that project execution phase generation of important project information such as effective cyber security system, algorithm that will be appropriate, implementation of hardware as well as related software for cyber security system, etc. This phase can also be considered as a milestone phase. Project Control: During this particular phase, project manager will check the project progress report daily and will monitor the employee based on 360 degree performance monitoring strategy. It will be effective approach of controlling the entire project. Moreover, project manager of this project has to compare the current project progress report with the actual plan. It might be helpful in enhancing the work performance. It will also be helpful for adjusting project schedule according to necessity of the project. In case of control of projects, human resource interfaces and employee self-service are the milestone tasks of the given project. Project Close: In this phase, project manager will check the completion of all tasks that need to be finished. Moreover, project manager will also give preference the approval of the outcome of the project. Moreover, after completing the entire activities or tasks in this project, project manager will conduct a evaluation phase that requires for successful project management. There are several situations in several project processes. Therefore, project manager for this project will execute the performance and motivate them to give their best effort. It will help in designing the appropriate project plan as well as finish the project on time. In major cases it has been identified that project manager unable to execute the project according to given schedule and also the budget is increase. Therefore, proper management and appropriate scheduling of the project plan and performance measurement through 360 degree performance management approach will be effective way of project submission on time. The final testing of the project can be considered as the milestone task of the project. The main purpose of this milestone is to evaluate an appropriate critical path of the project. Project Schedule Task Name Duration Start Finish Predecessors Resource Name Cost1 Project Management Plan for Cyber Security System Integration 56 days Fri 6/26/15 Fri 9/11/15 Alan Dix $630.00 Risk assessment plan 5 days Sun 7/26/15 Thu 7/30/15 Ben Shneiderman $1,140.00 Threats and vulnerabilities 5 days Mon 7/27/15 Fri 7/31/15 Bill Gates $500.00 Implementation 41 days Fri 6/26/15 Fri 8/21/15 Bootsy Collin $660.00 HR Operations 5 days Fri 6/26/15 Thu 7/2/15 Brenda Laurel $630.00 Pay Roll 4 days Fri 7/3/15 Wed 7/8/15 5 Bruno Latour $1,170.00 Employee Self Service 3 days Thu 7/9/15 Mon 7/13/15 6 Gilles Deleuze $500.00 Training and awareness activities 10 days Mon 8/10/15 Fri 8/21/15 Jakob Nielson $600.00 Interfaces 9 days Tue 7/14/15 Fri 7/24/15 Jenny Preece $480.00 Pay Roll 6 days Tue 7/14/15 Tue 7/21/15 7 Jimi Hendrix $370.00 HR 2 days Wed 7/22/15 Thu 7/23/15 10 John Dewey $465.00 Conversion 1 day Fri 7/24/15 Fri 7/24/15 11 Manuel De Landa $900.00 Reporting 19 days Mon 7/27/15 Thu 8/20/15 Martin Heidegger $480.00 Pay Roll 8 days Mon 7/27/15 Wed 8/5/15 12 Benefits Administration 6 days Thu 8/6/15 Thu 8/13/15 14 HR 4 days Fri 8/14/15 Wed 8/19/15 15 Steve Wozniak $960.00 Development of policies 5 days Fri 7/24/15 Thu 7/30/15 11 Testing 19 days Fri 8/14/15 Wed 9/9/15 Paul Dourish $1,025.00 User Acceptance Test 4 days Thu 8/20/15 Tue 8/25/15 16 System Test 11 days Wed 8/26/15 Wed 9/9/15 19 Disaster and information procurement 10 days Fri 8/14/15 Thu 8/27/15 15 Launch 1 day Wed 9/9/15 Thu 9/10/15 Steve Krug $620.00 End of the Project 1 day Wed 9/9/15 Thu 9/10/15 20 Conclusion This particular project outlined the project planning activities of implementation of Cyber Security System in the banking process of Credit Union Bank. The analyst calculates project scheduling and budgeting during initiation phase. This study also demonstrated the organizational overview including the team members with job titles and roles. The selected organization for this project was the Credit Union Bank that operates in the banking sector at California. The company has several customers and revenue generation is also effective. The entire system of the organization is computerized. Therefore, the company faced enough loss via cyber crime. They also lost customer information from their server. Therefore, this project planning for implementation of cyber security system will be effective and efficient for the Credit union Bank in terms of maintaining their security in each operation of banking sector. Reference List Alberts, Maritta. 'The Importance Of A Business Plan When Planning A Lexicographical Project'.Lexikos9.1 (2012): n. pag. Web. Eskerod, Pernille, and Anna Lund Jepsen.Project Stakeholder Management. Farnham, Surrey, England: Gower, 2013. Print. Lock, Dennis.Naked Project Management. Farnham: Ashgate Publishing Ltd, 2013. Print. Lock, Dennis.Project Management. Burlington, VT: Gower, 2013. Print. Lundkvist, Robert, John Henrik Meiling, and Marcus Sandberg. 'A Proactive Plan-Do-Check-Act Approach To Defect Management Based On A Swedish Construction Project'.Construction Management and Economics32.11 (2014): 1051-1065. Web. Morales, Peter J, and Dennis Anderson.Process Simulation And Parametric Modeling For Strategic Project Management. New York, NY: Springer, 2013. Print. Rose, Kenneth H. 'Refining The Knowledge Production Plan: Knowledge Representations In Innovation Projects'.Project Management Journal43.6 (2012): 114-114. Web. Throndson, K. et al. 'N022 The 2C ECG Project: Identifying Factors That Influence Nurses Confidence And Competence With ECG Monitoring'.Canadian Journal of Cardiology28.5 (2012): S427. Web. Torres, J.L. et al. 'Energy Management Strategy For Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicles. A Comparative Study'.Applied Energy113 (2014): 816-824. Web. Yang, Tian Xiong. 'The Facilities Plan And Project Management Based On The Optimize Correlation Of Logistics And Production Construction'.AMR542-543 (2012): 339-343. Web.

Critical Thinking and Ralph Waldo Emerson Essay Example

Critical Thinking and Ralph Waldo Emerson Essay Though we travel the world over to find the beautiful, we must carry it with us or we find it not. Ralph Waldo Emerson. Some think the quote is saying that you need to appreciate beauty where ever you are. That there is beauty in everything,, if you just stop and look. When first reading the quote I thought the same thing. It was my initial judgment. It was a non emotional response. However, after reading it several times and using critical thinking, I came to the conclusion it was about finding beauty within yourself. I think the author was saying you cannot find beauty if you do not have it inside yourself. True beauty to me is defined as courage, compassion, faith, character and strength. Those are people’s inner treasures. When reading some of Ralph Waldo Emerson’s Biography understand more about where I think the quote was coming from. A lot of his life he faced hardship, such as his father dying when he was 8 and leaving his family to face finical hard times. Still he finished college and went to work as a Unitarian Minister. The love of his life died only a year and half of marriage which caused him to leave his ministry. He scraped enough money together to do a 10 month tour of Europe. He eventually remarried and had 4 children. I think with just those facts on his life show us at one point he did travel the world to try and find the beauty or meaning in life. I also think he realized it was something he had in himself all along. The courage to go to school when your family barely had enough to eat, the compassion and faith to go into the ministry, and the character and strength to love again after you wife has been taken after such little time with her. We will write a custom essay sample on Critical Thinking and Ralph Waldo Emerson specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Critical Thinking and Ralph Waldo Emerson specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Critical Thinking and Ralph Waldo Emerson specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer I think humanities are more than learning to be human or learning how to use critical thinking. I think its learning about yourself. Learning about the inner beauties we all have and learning ways to display them. Whether it is through writing, music, or art. In today’s society where people are only concerned with making it to the top, I think we lose a little of our beauty or self. And like Ralph Waldo Emerson said â€Å"we must carry it with us or we find it not†.

Liberal mind set essays

Liberal mind set essays The Liberal mind, or lack there of is obsessed with gaining, controling and keeping power over the populace of the United States through clever, but all too obvious means in the name of " Gun Control" "Government health care" "free perscription drugs" and so forth. They love freedom (for them and their kind only) and hate most other people so vilely, that it seeps out of their voices at every turn, but they are " the champions of human rights"..Just a few things to think about. When was the last time you heard a Republican tout about " the people need protection from themselves" or " Government Regulations will save you". A larger, more controling Government is NOT the answer to ANYTHING, this country is made by the people, for the people and run by the people. Some people feel that the issue of Freedom of Choice is a Constitutionally given right, is it? the right to MURDER an innocent, unborn baby because the mother doesnt want to deal with it? think about this: Abortion means: No formal charges, no trial, no judge, no jury, no appeal: instant exectution. Liberals would scream to the high heavens , and rightly so if this was done to a criminal, but they scream even more when someone trys to prevent them from doing this to a baby, how screwed up is that? Dont fall for their liberal games, their lies and double talk, for you will quickly loose touch with yourself, your kind, decient soul. ...

Importance of Recruitment and Selection in the Public Sector Essay

Importance of Recruitment and Selection in the Public Sector - Essay Example Alternatively, the organization may outsource the recruiting services from a recruitment centre, which specializes in ensuring that the right workforce with the right skills receives employment at the right time from the organization. However, other HR practitioners has less involvement with recruitment and selection because these activities are delegated to line managers or outsourced, leaving the in-house practitioners limited to a few activities or overseeing the process (Tinzer, 2002:154). Recruitment and selection are the core roles of HR practitioners, although there are other activities that affect the policy of an organization and the external environment. These include business contraction or expansion, employment legislations, skills shortage and the general economic climate. Regardless of the economic climate, the process of workforce planning is not necessarily simple. Organizations must predict workforce requirements in line with future corporate objectives. Over the yea rs, the employment situation has shifted from a seller’s market to a buyer’s market and back again, especially in the public sector, thus the approach and time spent by HR practitioners need to anticipate and reflect this (Adams, 2007:97). This paper seeks to evaluate and analyze the context within which public sector recruitment occurs, as well as the factors affecting recruitment, the impact, and place of employment legislation. Additionally, the paper seeks to provide an overview on the recruitment and selection process in the public sector, considering both skills and activities (Saunders, and Thornhill, 2009:65). Demographics The impact of two factors is evident on the nature of the UK workforce, both with relation to recruitment and selection processes: demographic changes, and the adoption of traditional working patterns, which include significant growth in outsourcing. The workforce is set to diversify in terms of ethnic balance, age, and gender, drawing upon c hanges already occurred (Hyde et al., 2001:137). Concerning gender, there is a continuous trend of more women entering the labour market, raising important issue such as provision of childcare and equal pay. Concerning age, the greater longevity and falling birth rates mean that the about 46% of the UK population will be past 50, compared with only 33% in 2002. The changes in pension will also have significant impacts in this area, forcing many people to work longer. Concerning ethnicity, the government estimates that the net migration will by 2020 account for over 40% of the growth in the labour market (Caplin, and Dwyer, 2000:94). All the above issues are complex and important, thus public sector organizations need to take serious considerations during recruitment and other employment activities. Employers need to attract and retain a diverse workforce (Walliman, 2009:81). The complexity of these issues is evident from analyzing and evaluating one of the elements above: age. To ma ximize the participation of employees from different age groups as well as encourage generational diversity, the needs and expectations of each group will need consideration in designing the jobs, in induction and in recruitment activities into the organization. Although their expectations are not homogeneous, there are

History Paper Q2 Globalization Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

History Paper Q2 Globalization - Essay Example The possibility of cultural exchange, understanding and tolerance within a global civilization. But as many critics have noticed, we are not perfect human beings. It is hard to have a fair trade and conditions of equality between countries that do not know how to trade fairly with each other, but that exploit one another. By attempting to establish a standard, the differences have been reinforced. The richer get richer; the poor get poorer. The historical processes that led to this global movement can be traced to a series of economic agreements after the two world wars. "Globalization in the era since World War II has been driven by Trade Negotiation Rounds, originally under the auspices of GATT, which led to a series of agreements to remove restrictions on "free trade". The Uruguay round led to a treaty to create the World Trade Organization or WTO, to mediate trade disputes. Other bilateral trade agreements, including sections of Europe's Maastricht Treaty and the North American Free Trade Agreement have also been signed in pursuit of the goal of reducing tariffs and barriers to trade. The other historical process that can be pointed out in the globalization phenomenon is the transmission of information.

Distal Radius Fractures (DRF) Pain Management

Distal Radius Fractures (DRF) Pain Management Explain how pathological processes influence physiotherapy management for a patient with a fracture of the lower end of radius. Distal radius fractures (DRF) account for 16% of fractures seen in accident and emergency. (Tosti 2011) They are often caused by a fall on an outstretched hand, and as the risk of falling and osteoporosis increases with age, elderly patients have a higher risk of DRF. DRF are described as Colles’ fractures (with dorsal angulation) or Smiths fractures (with volar angulation), and treatment varies with fracture type, age of patient and presenting symptoms. Many fractures are reduced under anaesthesia and immobilised in a plaster cast from just below the elbow to the proximal crease of the palm (Alsop 2013). During bone healing, immobilisation ensures bone ends remain aligned and reduces the risk of mal-union. Immediately after a fracture, the local bone tissue becomes necrotic, and is resorbed by osteoclasts. A fracture haematoma forms and osteoblasts produce calcium hydroxyapatite crystals which are laid down on the bone matrix, forming callus (Drake 2010). Callus is visible on x-ray at 6 weeks, which is typically when the immobilisation stage ends. During immobilisation, patients’ clinical priorities are pain management through medication, swelling reduction and prevention of secondary stiffness and muscle wastage in joints above and below the fracture. To decrease levels of exudate in tissues and aid lymphatic drainage, elevation and compression are the main physiotherapy treatments (Cheing 2005). Stretching exercises for the elbow, shoulder, metacarpal phalangeal joints and inter phalangeal joints on the affected side help maintain range of motion (ROM), and strengthening exercises for muscles of the shoulder, elbow and fingers can reduce muscle atrophy. Physiotherapists’ can provide diet education, explaining that the supplementation of vitamin D, calcium, magnesium and vitamin K will aid bone healing (Price 2012). Vitamin C is shown to improve â€Å"mechanical and histological parameters of fracture repair† in a study with rats (Gaston 2007), and to induce osteoblast differentiation, which play an impor tant role in bone healing (Carinci 2005).When the plaster is removed, skin can be flaky, thin and over sensitised. Physiotherapists can explain the importance of gentle washing and moisturising and can perform desensitising treatment if required. Due to their knowledge of fracture pathophysiology, physiotherapists can advise patients on how to protect their wrist, for example, not to lift a full kettle but to continue with functional tasks such as washing dishes. After immobilisation, an important symptom is pain, affecting the patient’s ability to perform functional activities. Pain or fear of pain can impair treatment, as the patient may be nervous to do their prescribed exercises. Effective pain management in the form of paracetamol and ibuprofen, and explanation that a dull aching pain is demonstrative of bone healing may help reduce patient anxiety. Measuring pain allows physiotherapists’ to provide outcome measures and to tailor treatment to patients’ individual needs. Self-reported measures, such as the visual analogue scale, are the gold standard for measuring pain intensity, location, quality and temporal variation (Jones 2013). Nociception from DRF occurs when the sensory receptors at nerve endings in the periosteum are stimulated by noxious insults that are produced through inflammation (DeLisa 2005). An action potential is carried to the dorsal horn of the spinal cord where the pain signal is sent to the brain . As pain is transmitted via the dorsal horn, physiotherapists use modalities that use the pain-gate theory to reduce patient’s discomfort. This theory suggests there is a gating mechanism in the dorsal horn, small nociceptors that carry pain facilitate the gate, but larger mechanoreceptor fibres inhibit the gate. When physiotherapists stimulate mechanoreceptors, the gate is inhibited and pain signals transmitted to the brain are reduced (Moayedi 2012). An example of this is accessory mobilisations, where the physiotherapist recreates athrokinematic movements to stimulate mechanoreceptors, inhibiting nociception. In a DRF, all athrokinematic movements can be used at grade one and two to stimulate mechanoreceptors. Massage uses the pain-gate theory, therefore alongside the physiological effects of massage, such as increasing blood flow and lymphatic drainage, massage stimulates the mechanoreceptors that inhibit the gate, inhibiting pain signals. Stiffness can be caused by a variety of aetiologies. If the fracture involves articular surfaces, blood entering the joint can leave fibrin residue causing fibrous adhesions between the two synovial membranes (Hamblen 2007). This decreases the congruency of the surfaces, therefore decreasing ROM. More commonly, peri-articular adhesions, caused by collections of exudate, reduce the resilience of ligaments and reduces muscles free gliding abilities, causing stiffness. (Hamblen 2007). If the patient has undergone open reduction surgery, scar tissue can cause adhesion of local muscles and tendons, reducing ROM. Proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) is a modality used to treat decreased ROM. PNF uses the proprioceptive stimulation of muscle groups, using voluntary muscle contractions alongside stretching to reduce the reflexive aspect of muscular contraction (Mahieu 2008). Using maximal muscle contraction enables maximum relaxation, which increases stretch efficacy. By using this technique on physiological movements of the wrist, the adhesions are broken down allowing fluent movement. Simple home stretching exercises can be prescribed, to ensure that soft tissues are stretched frequently to reduce stiffness. As well as treating pain, mobilisations are used to decrease stiffness. For stiffness, both accessory and physiological passive mobilisations can be used to increase ROM. When treating stiffness, grade three and four mobilisations taken to the end of range are used, which break down peri-articular adhesions and allow synovial sweep, creating even lubrication and reducing fricti on. After pain, swelling and ROM have been addressed, strengthening excercises are incorporated into treatment to reduce muscle atrophy caused by immobilisation (Powers 2004). Strengthening excercises help to regain muscle mass and strength, by causing neural adaptions, decreasing inhibitory feedback allowing stronger contractions. Stronger contraction is also caused by muscle hypertrophy, where myocytes enlarge, increasing actin and myosin concentration. Excercises should get increasingly more challenging until functional movement is achieved. All excercises should be aimed at functional goals specific to the patient, increasing motivation and also establishing expectations of both the physiotherapist and the patient. Due to NHS cuts, physiotherapists can not see patients as frequently as desired, therefore modalities such as massage and PNF cannot be fully effective. It is therefore important for the physiotherapist to increase motivation for home excercises through explanations of the ir importance and effects . As the most common cause of a DRF is falling on an outstretched hand, physiotherapy falls prevention programmes including gait re-education,walking aids and balance exercises, can reduce the risk of DRF. These programmes have been â€Å"associated with a significantly lower risk of fractures† (El-Khoury 2013), demonstrating that prevention is the most effective physiotherapy management for both patient and physiotherapist. References: Alsop, H. 2013 (2013) Tidy’s Physiotherapy 15th ed. Saunders Elsevier Carinci, F. Pezzetti, F. Spina, AM. Palmieri, A. (2005) Effect of Vitamin C on pre-osteoblast gene expression. Archive of Oral Biology. 50(5): 481-496 Cheing, G. Wan, J. and Lo, S. (2005) Ice and Pulsed Electromagnetic Field to Reduce Pain and Swelling after Distal Radius Fractures. Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine. 37: 372-377 Delisa. J, (2005) Physical Medicine and Rehabiliation: Principles and Practise 4th ed. Volume 1. Philadelphia Lippincott Williams and Wilkins Drake, R. (2010) Gray’s Anatomy for Students. 2nd ed. Philadelphia: Churchill Livingstone Elsevier El Khoury, F. (2013) The effect of fall prevention exercise programmes on fall induced injuries in community dwelling older adults: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. British Medical Journal. 347: f6234 Gaston, M. Simpson, A. (2007) Inhibition of Fracture Healing. The Bone and Joint Journal. Vol. 89. No. 12. 1553-1560 Hamblen, D. (2007) Adam’s Outline of Fractures, Inluding Joint Injuries. 12th ed. Philadelphia: Churchill Livingstone Elsevier Jones, L. (2013) Tidy’s Physiotherapy 15th ed. Saunders Elsevier Mahieu, N. Cools, A. De Wilde, B. (2008) Effect of propoiceptive neuromuscular facilitation stretching on the plantar flexor mucle-tendon tissue properties. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports. Vol. 19. 553-560 Moayedi, M. Davis, K. (2012) Theories of pain: from specificity to gate control. Journal of Neurophysiological. Vol 109. No. 1: 5-12 Powers, S. (2004) Mechanisms of disuse muscle atrophy: role of oxidative stress. American Journal of Physiology. Vol. 288. No. R337-R344 Price, C. (2012) Essential Nutrients for Bone Health and a Review of their Availability in the Average North American Diet. The Open Orthopaedics Journal. 6: 143-149 Tosti, R. (2011) Distal Radius Fractures – A Review and Update. Minerva Orthopaedic and Traumatology. Vol 62: 443-457